Politics of Interest Groups

CMC Government 106, Spring 2008
Monday and Wednesday  2:45-4:00  Classroom Roberts North 105

 

J. Pitney Office:  Pitzer 215   Telephone:  909/607-4224

Office Hours:  MW 11-noon, 4:15-5:15. 

If these times are inconvenient, please make an appointment.

 

E-mailjpitney@cmc.edu or profpitney@yahoo.com

Homepage: http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/govt/jpitney/

Syllabus: http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/govt/jpitney/gov106-spr08.html

 

General

This courses examines the role of interest groups in American politics, with special attention to their influence on public policy.  It asks these questions:

Classes

Classes will include lecture and discussion.  Finish the readings before class because our discussions will involve those readings.  We shall also talk about breaking news, so you must read a good news source such as the The Politico, New York Times, the Los Angeles Times or
ABC "The Note."

Blog

Our class blog is at http://gov106.blogspot.com.  I shall post videos, graphs, news stories, and other material there.  We shall use some of this material in class, and you may review the rest at your convenience.   You will all receive invitations to post to the blog.  (Please let me know if you do not get such an invitation.)  I strongly encourage you to use the blog in these ways:

Grades

The following will make up your course grade: 

Details

Required Books

Schedule (subject to change, with advance notice).

In addition to the readings below, I may also supply you with various handouts and Internet links.

Jan 23:  Introduction

"From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties. The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. A zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to co-operate for their common good." -- James Madison, Federalist 10.

Is everyone part of a special interest?  What is the proper role of organized interests in a democracy?

Jan 28, 30: "Hyperpluralism"

"The more government takes the place of associations, the more will individuals lose the idea of forming associations and need the government to come to their help" -- Alexis deTocqueville

How has the world of interest groups grown more complex and specialized?

Feb 4, 6:  Economic Groups

Barack Obama:  "Because while I was working on those streets watching those folks see their jobs shift overseas, you were a corporate lawyer sitting on the board at Wal-Mart."

Hillary Clinton:  "Bad for America, and I was fighting against those ideas when you were practicing law and representing your contributor, Rezko, in his slum landlord business in inner city Chicago."

-- Democratic primary debate, January 21, 2008

How did corporations, trade associations, and unions become players?  When do they seek public and private goods? 

FIRST ESSAY ASSIGNED FEB 6, DUE FEB 20 

READ STRUNK AND WHITE FIRST.

Feb 11, 13:  Public Interest Groups and Nonprofits


"National organizations commonly employ a multi-structure approach comprised of 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), and federal PAC. The key to success is demonstrating that the 501(c)(3)’s resources were not used to subsidize the partisan electioneering work of an affiliated 501(c)(4) or any of its affiliates, including an SSF or 527. The accounts of the two separate entities should be kept apart to facilitate each organization paying its own share of all salaries, equipment costs, and rent."  - NP Action

How do nonprofits differ from economic interest groups?  Is there a bright line between the two?

Feb 18, 20:  Electoral Politics I

"If that pitch sounds like a mixture of protection racket (nice little multinational you have there; too bad if anything should happen to it) and an offer to play ball, that's exactly how it was intended to sound."  -- Gregg Easterbrook on Rep. Tony Coelho's approach to PACs

Why do interest groups involve themselves in political campaigns?

Feb 25, 27: Electoral Politics II

"How about putting limits on malpractice awards?"
"Well, you tell me."
"Well, if you're for them, I got money from the doctors and the insurance companies. If you're against them, I got money from the trial lawyers. Let's put you down
as 'against.'"
"Terry, tell me something. With all this money coming in from both sides, how could anything possibly ever get done?"
"It doesn't. That's the genius of the system."  -- Kevin McCarthy and Eddie Murphy in The Distinguished Gentleman

What strategies and tactics do interest groups employ in the campaign arena?

SECOND ESSAY ASSIGNED FEBRUARY 27, DUE MAR 12

Mar 3, 5: Grassroots, Grasstops, Astroturf, and the Media

"One of the underhanded tactics increasingly being used by telecom companies is `Astroturf lobbying' -- creating front groups that try to mimic true grassroots, but that are all about corporate money, not citizen power." -- Common Cause 

"Proponents of regulation argue that something needs to be done to regulate so-called “Astroturf” lobbying. We do not necessarily agree that such communications need to be regulated, and we have yet to see an adequate definition of  `Astroturf lobbying' that does not infringe on what everyone agrees is entirely legitimate and fully protected activity."  -- ACLU and other organizations

How do interest groups try to influence public opinion?  How do they mobilize their constituencies? And what do those constituencies do?

Mar 10, 12:  Lobbying I

"Congressmen don't know things; they're not experts in technology. In the mid-1990s, we were meeting with a Congressman about high-definition TV standards and we were talking about pixels and so on, and he said, 'Fellas, look, I'm trying to stay with you here, but one of the first times I ever took a ride on an airplane was when I came to Washington to take my seat and I remember looking out the window and I thought part of the wing was falling off when we landed, because the flaps came up.' " -- Joseph Tasker, senior vice president for government affairs of the Information Technology Association of America

How do lobbyists approach lawmakers?  How has lobbying evolved?

Mar 17, 19: Spring Break

Mar 24, 26: Lobbying II

"Jack Abramoff liked to slip into dialogue from The Godfather as he led his lobbying colleagues in planning their next conquest on Capitol Hill. In a favorite bit, he would mimic an ice-cold Michael Corleone facing down a crooked politician's demand for a cut of Mafia gambling profits: `Senator, you can have my answer now if you like. My offer is this: nothing.'" -- Susan Schmidt and James V. Grimaldi, Washington Post, December 29, 2005.

What formal and informal rules govern direct lobbying?  How do politicians and lobbyists get around them?

THIRD ESSAY ASSIGNED MARCH 26, DUE APRIL 9

Mar 31, Apr 2:  Lobbying III

"You can bet there have been lobbyists working Washington since the days when Daniel Webster pocketed retainers from the Second Bank of the United States and Stephen Douglas sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act--which led proximately to the Civil War--as part of his project to anchor the transcontinental railroad in Chicago. When government makes decisions that affect private individuals and firms and industries, the representatives of those individuals and firms and industries are going to exercise their constitutional right to try to get the decisions to come out their way." -- Michael Barone

How do lobbies approach the legislative and judicial branches? How do these activities differ from legislative lobbying?

Apr 7, 9:  Foreign Policy and National Security

Jerry:        So you're saying UNICEF is a scam?
Kramer:    It's the perfect cover for a money laundering operation . No one can keep track of all those kids with the little orange boxes of change.

Who influences foreign and military policy? What is the role of foreign governments and interests? What economic and ethnic groups have a stake in foreign affairs?

April 14, 16:  State and Local I

"Not surprisingly, then, politicians routinely submit legislative bills that would take money from various persons or groups, and then withdraw them once (constitutionally protected) payments are made. These bills go by different names. In California they are called `juice bills,' referring to their ability to squeeze those who would lose from taxation unless they pay up. -- Fred McChesney

Is interest group politics different at the state level?  Is California a unique arena?

April 21, 23: State and Local II

"Bob Wright announced that Autism Speaks will mount a multi-state campaign to require insurance coverage for autism treatments. Already pushing the idea in Pennsylvania, the Wrights selected Florida, Michigan and California as `battleground states' where they need to compel commercial insurers to cover medically necessary therapies and services." -- Palm Beach Daily News

 

Who gains and who loses at the state and local level?

April 28, 30:  Demosclerosis

"Social Security is a government program with a constituency made up of the old, the near-old, and those who hope or fear to grow old.  After 215 years of trying, we have finally discovered a special interest that includes 100 percent of the population.  Now we can vote ourselves rich."  -- P.J. O'Rourke

How have reformers tried to check interest groups?

May 5, 7:  Reform

"There is $2.6 trillion spent in Washington, with the authority to regulate everything in your life. Guess what? People will spend unheard-of amounts of money to influence that. The underlying problems are big government and big money." -- Newt Gingrich

Short of radically reducing government, are there any effective reforms?  Or are we even asking the right question?

FINAL EXAM:  WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, AT 2 PM

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