World War I and World War II




The Dual Monarchy and World War I (1867-1918)
 
After the Triannon Treaty
The Dual Monarchy and World War I (1867-1918)

Composed of two equal parts, this new country saw the beginnings of the modern state, such as the modernization and organizaiton of the judicial system, administrative and educational reforms, and the rise of capitalism. By the end of 1890 the western European legal system is introduced and a bourgeoisie state is erected. By the end of the 1800s internal and international stability has eroded, resulting in naitonal discontent. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitates the beginning of World War I, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The dissolution of the Dualist Monarchy results from Hungary's adoption of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points as a condition for armistice. Having lost the war, Hungary descended into revolution from 1918-1919. The country was declared the Hungarian People's Republic on 16 November 1918, and was attacked by Romania on 16 April 1919. Once occupied, a regime of terror ensued until a new coalition government was elected in 1920 under regent Admiral Miklós Horthy. The 4 June 1920 Treaty of Triannon relieved Hungary of 70% of its territory and 60% of its population. Needless to say, the Hungarians felt this to be a tragedy.

 



 
 
The Interwar Period and World War II (1920-1945)
  • Treaty of Triannon
  • Hungary joins League of Nations in 1922
  • István Bethlen serves as Prime Minister 1921-31: industrial development and massive loans promote economic recovery and growth, which is halted by teh Great Depression
  • Gyula Gömbös serves as right-wing dictator from 1932-36: attempts to create a Totalitarian Fascist state with his "National Work Plan" (the "dreambook")
  • Kálman Darányi 1936-38: fascist parties multiply, dissolve, reform, the Arrow Cross party emerges
  • 20 November 1940: Hungary signed Tripartite Pact 
  • June 1941: Hungary joined Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union and declares war against the Western Allies in Apirl 1943
  • Ferenc Szálasi (leader of Arrow Cross) serves as Prime Minister from October 1944-April 1945
  • Soviet troops drive all Germans troops out of Hungary by 4 April 1945

The Arrow Cross before assuming power
The Arrow Cross recieving German guns


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