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The Culture of Fascism in 20th Century Europe
This course examines many of the fascist movements that have formed in modern Europe. The focus will be on Germany, Italy, France, and Spain, although Central European variants will also be discussed. The course will look at the intellectual roots of fascism as it was embedded in new conceptions of nation, cultural pessimism, and a burgeoning xenophobia, among other developments. Subsequent units will be organized along national lines. The end of the course will be thematic and require the students to make presentations—utilizing websites they have constructed—which engage the relevant issues. The methodology stresses the connection between cultural production
and the historical context. Literature, art, architecture, film,
music will be studied in an attempt to understand the historical events
of the time. It will be necessary to master “close readings” of cultural
products and combine these explications with a nuanced understanding of
the historical context.
Requirements:
Readings (* denotes purchase).
Go To: [Electronic Reserve] * Affron, Matthew. Fascist Visions: Art and Ideology (Princeton U.P.). Baird, Jay. “Goebbels, Horst Wessel, and the Myth of Resurrection and Return,” in Journal of Contemporary History 17 (1982), 633-650. Betz, Hans-Georg. “The Two Faces of Radical Right-Wing Populism,” in Radical Right-Wing Populism (St. Martin’s Press). Deak, Istvan. “Holocaust Views: The Goldhagen Controversy in Retrospect,” in Central of European History 30/2 (1997), 295-307. * Eatwell, Roger. Fascism: A History (Penguin). Hagtvet, Bernt and Reinhard Kühnl, “Contemporary Approaches to Fascism: A Survey of Paradigms,” in Stein Larsen, et. al. Eds.,Who were the Fascists? Social Roots of European Fascism. Herbert, James. Paris 1937: Worlds on Exhibition (Cornell U.P.). * Maier, Charles. The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity (Harvard U.P.). Maier, Charles. “Democracy and Its Discontents,” in Foreign Affairs 73/4 (July/August 1994), 48-64. * Mosse, George. The Crisis of German Ideology (Howard Fertig). Nolte, Ernst. Three Faces of Fascism: Action Francaise, Italian Fascism, and National Socialism (Mentor). * Petropoulos, Jonathan. Art as Politics in the Third Reich (University of North Carolina Press). Shand, James. “The Reichsautobahn: Symbol for the Third Reich,” in Journal of Contemporary History 19/2 (1984), 189-200. * Stansky, Peter and Peter Abrams. Journey to the Frontier: Two Roads to the Spanish Civil War (Stanford U.P.) Stern, Fritz. “The Goldhagen Controversy: One Nation, One People, One Theory?” in Foreign Affairs 75/6 (November/December 1996), 128-138. Zucotti, Susan. The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution,
Rescue, and Survival (Basic Books).
Schedule Week 1 (19 January): Toward a Definition of Fascism.
Week 2 (24 & 26 January): Fascism in Comparative
Perspective.
Week 3 (31 January and 2 February): The Intellectual
Roots of Fascism.
Week 4 (7 & 9 February): Fascism in Italy.
Week 5 (14 & 16 February): Italian Fascist
Culture.
Week 6 (21 & 23 February): National Socialism
in Germany.
Week 7 (28 February and 1 March): Nazi Culture.
Week 8 (6 & 8 March): Nazi Culture II.
Week 9 (13 and 15 March) Spring Break. Week 10 (20 and 22 March): The Spanish Civil
War.
Week 11 (27 & 29 March): The Paris World
Exposition of 1937.
Week 12 (3 & 5 April): Vichy France
Week 13 (10 & 12 April): The Holocaust in
Comparative Perspective.
Week 14 (17 & 19 April): Fascism in Eastern
Europe.
Week 15 (24 & 26 April): Religion and the
Church.
Week 16 (1 & 3 May): Fascism in Europe Today.
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